roestvrij staal 316l poeder is widely used across industries owing to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. This guide provides an overview of 316L powder composition, attributes, processing, applications, and suppliers for additive manufacturing.
Introduction to Stainless Steel 316L Powder
Stainless steel 316L is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel featuring:
Tafel 1: Overview of 316L stainless steel powder
| Eigenschappen | Details |
|---|---|
| Dikte | 8,0 g/cm3 |
| Opbrengststerkte | 205 MPa |
| Treksterkte | 515 MPa |
| Verlenging | 40% |
| Corrosieweerstand | Resists pitting and acidic environments |
| Werkbaarheid | Readily welded and fabricated |
These characteristics make 316L suitable for demanding applications from chemical processing equipment to medical implants. Powder bed fusion and directed energy deposition enable fabricating complex 316L parts.
Chemische samenstelling
The composition of stainless steel 316l powder is:
Tafel 2: 316L stainless steel powder chemical composition
| Element | Gewicht % | Rol |
|---|---|---|
| Ijzer (Fe) | Evenwicht | Base metal |
| Chroom (Cr) | 16-18% | Corrosieweerstand |
| Nikkel (Ni) | 10-14% | Corrosieweerstand |
| Molybdeen (Mo) | 2-3% | weerstand tegen putjes |
| Mangaan (Mn) | ≤ 2% | Deoxidatiemiddel |
| Silicium (Si) | ≤ 1% | Deoxidatiemiddel |
| Fosfor (P) | ≤ 0,045% | Impurity limit |
| Zwavel (S) | ≤ 0,03% | Impurity limit |
| Koolstof (C) | ≤ 0,03% | Impurity limit |
| Stikstof (N) | ≤ 0,1% | Impurity limit |
The optimized composition of chromium, nickel and molybdenum boosts corrosion resistance. Let’s explore the properties next.
Mechanische eigenschappen
Tafel 3: stainless steel 316l powder properties
| Eigendom | Waarde |
|---|---|
| Dikte | 8,0 g/cm3 |
| Elasticiteitsmodulus | 193 GPa |
| Smeltpunt | 1375°C |
| Warmtegeleiding | 16.3 W/m-K |
| Elektrische weerstand | 0.074 μΩ-cm |
| Opbrengststerkte | 205 MPa |
| Treksterkte | 515 MPa |
| Verlenging | ≥40% |
| Hardheid | 96 HB |
The combination of corrosion resistance, weldability, bio-compatibility, strength and ductility make 316L versatile for engineering across industries.
Production Process for roestvrij staal 316l poeder
Common 316L powder production methods:
Tabel 4: 316L powder manufacturing processes
| Methode | Beschrijving | Kenmerken |
|---|---|---|
| Gasverneveling | Molten metal stream atomized by inert gas jets | Spherical particles ideal for AM |
| Waterverneveling | Disintegration of molten stream by high pressure water | Irregular powder at lower cost |
| Plasma-verneveling | Electrode vaporization in water-cooled copper crucible by plasma | Gecontroleerde deeltjesgrootteverdeling |
| Proces met roterende elektrode | Centrifugal disintegration of spinning molten metal by electric arcs | Tight particle distribution |
Gas atomization with auxiliary pulse laser technology allows tuning the stainless steel powder shape, size, surface chemistry and defects.
Applications of stainless steel 316l powder
Thanks to excellent fabrication properties combined with strength and corrosion resistance, common applications of 316L powder include:
Tabel 5: 316L powder applications
| Industrie | Sollicitatie | Componenten |
|---|---|---|
| Lucht- en ruimtevaart | Structural brackets, hydraulic systems, engines | Air/spacecraft fuel tanks, valves, fittings, nozzles |
| Automobiel | Corrosive fluid handling systems | Fuel cells, pumps, valves, pipes |
| Architectuur | Decorative/functional structures, signage | Railings, panels, letters |
| Medisch | Implantaten, protheses, apparaten | Cranial plates, hip joints, surgical tools |
| Chemische verwerking | Tanks, vessels, valves | Mixers, reactors, heat exchangers |
| Food/beverage | Pipework, vessels, utensils | Mixing blades, conveyors, molds |
| Marien | Desalination, propulsion, environmental | Pumps, valves, heat exchangers |
3D printing enables relatively fast and affordable small batch production of end-use 316L parts. Let’s look at critical powder specifications next.
316L Powder Specifications for 3D Printing
Tabel 6: 316L powder specifications
| Parameter | Specificatie |
|---|---|
| Deeltjesgrootte | 15-45 micron |
| Schijnbare dichtheid | Typically > 4 g/cm3 |
| Stroomsnelheid | Hall flowmeter > 15 s/50g |
| Morfologie | Bolvormig |
| Fasen | Austenitisch |
| Onzuiverheden | Low oxygen/nitrogen/sulfur |
| Manufacturing method | Gasverneveling |
Careful powder production tailored to additive manufacturing achieves defect-free printing and mechanical performance surpassing cast and wrought 316L steel.
Wereldwijde leveranciers
Specialist manufacturers of 316L stainless steel powder include:
Tabel 7: 316L powder suppliers
| Bedrijf | Plaats |
|---|---|
| Sandvik Visarend | Zweden |
| LPW-technologie | Verenigd Koninkrijk |
| Timmerman additief | Verenigde Staten |
| Erasteel | Frankrijk |
| Aubert & Duval | Frankrijk |
| Praxair | Verenigde Staten |
These premium suppliers offer argon atomized 316L powder optimized for demanding additive manufacturing applications across industries.
roestvrij staal 316l poeder Prijzen
Tabel 8: 316L powder cost considerations
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Hoeveelheid | Price per kg declines significantly above 100 kg |
| Grootteverdeling | Tighter distributions more expensive |
| Puurheid | Higher grades for AM can cost over 5x more than conventional 316L |
| Shape factors | Highly spherical powder costs more |
| Klantenservice | Additional value-added services increase price |
In general, 316L powder ranges from $5/kg for conventional grades to $50/kg for specialized argon-atomized varieties with AM-optimized particle characteristics.
Voors vs. Tegens
Tabel 9: 316L powder advantages vs disadvantages
| Pluspunten | Nadelen |
|---|---|
| Resists corrosion and pitting | Less strong and harder than tool steels |
| Bio-compatible and non-magnetic | More difficult to post-process than aluminum alloys |
| Excellent ductility and weldability | Requires hot isostatic pressing for full density |
| Widely available | Surface roughness often necessitates post-processing |
| Lagere dichtheid dan nikkellegeringen | Limited large volume suppliers compared to wrought forms |
With appropriate design and printing parameters, 316L powder enables affordable fabrication of custom corrosion resistant parts across applications.
FAQ
Q: Is 316L powder printable for additive manufacturing?
A: Yes, with optimized production methods for AM to control particle shape and defects, 316L prints very well across binder jetting, DED and PBF processes for low to mid volumes applications.
Q: What particle size is ideal for printing 316L powder?
A: An ideal 316L powder particle size distribution ranges from 15-45 microns, avoiding ultrafine or coarse fractions, to enable high packing density and limit porosity.
Q: What post-processing is recommended for as-printed 316L parts?
A: Stress relieving heat treatment, hot isostatic pressing, and surface finishing like media blasting, grinding or electropolishing help improve as-printed 316L microstructure and aesthetics.
